Only the proteins to be studied can specifically bind to the primary antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex. The membrane is treated with the antibody (primary antibody) of the target proteins. The transferred solid support membrane is called a blot and is treated with a protein solution to block the hydrophobic binding site on the membrane. The solid support can absorb the protein and keep its biological activity unchanged. SDS-PAGE allows protein samples to be separated and transferred to a solid support, such as nitrocellulose (NC) or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. Western blot is performed by using polypropylene gel electrophoresis. For the accomplishment of the western blot, there are three elements, separation of proteins by size, transferring proteins to a solid support, and marking proteins by primary and secondary antibodies for visualization. It can be used for qualitative and semi-quantitative protein analysis. in 1979, which is a commonly used method for protein analysis.
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